Highlights•HIV the causative agent of AIDS has an extremely limited tropism and does not
replicate in mice, rats or non-human primates.•Humanized mouse models contain different
components of the human hematolymphoid system that permit HIV replication in a small
animal model.•Humanized mouse models like the T cell only mouse or the myeloid only
mouse permit the analysis of key aspects of HIV biology in individual cell types.•The
systemic reconstitution of humanized mice with human cells permits the detail in vivo …