The characterization of primary immunodeficiencies (PIDs) in human subjects is crucial for a
better understanding of the biology of the immune response. New achievements in this field
have been possible in light of collaborative studies; attention paid to new phenotypes,
infectious and otherwise; improved immunologic techniques; and use of exome sequencing
technology. The International Union of Immunological Societies Expert Committee on PIDs
recently reported on the updated classification of PIDs. However, new PIDs are being …