For both, cD40 and cD163, three populations of cells have been specified: small cells with strong (+++), large cells with weak (+) and cells with no (–) reaction. Due to lack of statistically significant differences between patients with hP, nsiP and iPF, they were classified into a common group and compared to the group of patients with sarcoidosis. the median proportion of macrophage population was as follows: for cD40: 61%, 35%, 2% in patients with sa and 49%, 47%, 3% in patients with other ilD and for cD163: 55%, 35%, 5% in sa and 53%, 43%, 1% in ilD patients, respectively. we found a significantly higher proportion of M1 in sa when compared with other ilD. our study showed no evidence of defined polarization of alveolar macrophages in different types of interstitial lung diseases. however, we emphasized the role of cD40 positive cells in sarcoidosis and the role of cD163 positive cells in fibrotic diffuse lung diseases.