In the present study, we investigated the involvement of macrophage-inflammatory protein-1α (MIP-1α)[CC chemokine ligand 3 (CCL3)], MIP-1β[CCL4], regulated on activation, normal T expressed and secreted (RANTES)[CCL5], and CC chemokine receptors (CCRs) on neutrophil migration in murine immune inflammation. Previously, we showed that ovalbumin (OVA)-triggered neutrophil migration in immunized mice depends on the sequential release of tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and leukotriene B₄(LTB₄). Herein, we show increased mRNA expression for MIP-1α[CCL3], MIP-1β[CCL4], RANTES[CCL5], and CCR1 in peritoneal cells harvested from OVA-challenged, immunized mice, as well as MIP-1α[CCL3] and RANTES[CCL5] but not MIP-1β[CCL4] proteins in the peritoneal exudates. OVA-induced neutrophil migration response was muted in immunized MIP-1α[CCL3]^−/− mice, but it was not inhibited by treatment with antibodies against RANTES[CCL5] or MIP-1β[CCL4]. MIP-1α[CCL3] mediated neutrophil migration in immunized mice through induction of TNF-α and LTB₄ synthesis, as these mediators were detected in the exudates harvested from OVA-challenged immunized wild-type but not MIP-1α[CCL3]^−/− mice; administration of MIP-1α[CCL3] induced a dose-dependent neutrophil migration, which was inhibited by treatment with an anti-TNF-α antibody in TNF receptor 1 (p55^−/−)-deficient mice or by MK 886 (a 5-lipoxygenase inhibitor); and MIP-1α[CCL3] failed to induce LTB₄ production in p55^−/− mice. MIP-1α[CCL3] used CCR1 to promote neutrophil recruitment, as OVA or MIP-1α[CCL3] failed to induce neutrophil migration in CCR1^−/− mice, in contrast to CCR5^−/− mice. In summary, we have demonstrated that neutrophil migration observed in this model of immune inflammation is mediated by MIP-1α[CCL3], which via CCR1, induces the sequential release of TNF-α and LTB₄. Therefore, whether a similar pathway mediates neutrophil migration in human immune-inflammatory diseases, the development of specific CCR1 antagonists might have a therapeutic potential.