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PAN-AMPK activator O304 improves glucose homeostasis and microvascular perfusion in mice and type 2 diabetes patients
Pär Steneberg, … , Thomas Edlund, Helena Edlund
Pär Steneberg, … , Thomas Edlund, Helena Edlund
Published June 21, 2018
Citation Information: JCI Insight. 2018;3(12):e99114. https://doi.org/10.1172/jci.insight.99114.
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Research Article Metabolism

PAN-AMPK activator O304 improves glucose homeostasis and microvascular perfusion in mice and type 2 diabetes patients

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Abstract

AMPK activated protein kinase (AMPK), a master regulator of energy homeostasis, is activated in response to an energy shortage imposed by physical activity and caloric restriction. We here report on the identification of PAN-AMPK activator O304, which — in diet-induced obese mice — increased glucose uptake in skeletal muscle, reduced β cell stress, and promoted β cell rest. Accordingly, O304 reduced fasting plasma glucose levels and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) in a proof-of-concept phase IIa clinical trial in type 2 diabetes (T2D) patients on Metformin. T2D is associated with devastating micro- and macrovascular complications, and O304 improved peripheral microvascular perfusion and reduced blood pressure both in animals and T2D patients. Moreover, like exercise, O304 activated AMPK in the heart, increased cardiac glucose uptake, reduced cardiac glycogen levels, and improved left ventricular stroke volume in mice, but it did not increase heart weight in mice or rats. Thus, O304 exhibits a great potential as a novel drug to treat T2D and associated cardiovascular complications.

Authors

Pär Steneberg, Emma Lindahl, Ulf Dahl, Emmelie Lidh, Jurate Straseviciene, Fredrik Backlund, Elisabet Kjellkvist, Eva Berggren, Ingela Lundberg, Ingela Bergqvist, Madelene Ericsson, Björn Eriksson, Kajsa Linde, Jacob Westman, Thomas Edlund, Helena Edlund

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Figure 4

O304 dose-dependently averts dysglycemia in diet-induced obese mice and reverts diabetes in hIAPPtg diet-induced obese mice.

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O304 dose-dependently averts dysglycemia in diet-induced obese mice and ...
(A) Representative immunoblot analysis and quantification of p-T172 AMPK levels in calf muscle of CBA mice on high-fat diet (HFD) (n = 10) and O304-HFD with 0.4 (n = 5), 0.8 (n = 10), and 2 mg/g (n = 10) O304 for 7w. (B–D) Fasted blood glucose (B) and fasted insulin (C) levels, as well as HOMA-IR (D; from B and C), in CBA mice on HFD (n = 10) and O304-HFD with 0.4 (n = 5), 0.8 (n = 10), and 2 mg/g (n = 10) O304 for 6w. (E) Timeline in weeks for hIAPPtg mice fed HFD for 9w and then either continued on HFD or switched to O304-HFD (2 mg/g in F–H; 0.8 mg/g in I–M) for an additional 7w. (F–H) Fasted blood glucose (F) and insulin (G) levels, as well as HOMA-IR (H; from F and G), in hIAPPtg mice at start, at 9w, and 15w on HFD (n = 10), and in hIAPPtg mice at start, at 9w on HFD, and at 9w HFD+6w O304-HFD (2 mg/g) (n = 12). (I and J) Body weight (I) and body fat (J) change in hIAPPtg mice on HFD for 15w (n = 12) or HFD for 9w + 6w O304-HFD (0.8 mg/g) (n = 7). (K–M) Fasted blood glucose (K) and insulin (L) levels, and HOMA-IR (M; from K and L) at start, 9w, and 15w in hIAPPtg mice on HFD for 15w (n = 12) and in hIAPPtg mice at start, at 9w on HFD, and at 9w + 6w O304-HFD (0.8 mg/g) (n = 7). Data are presented as mean ± SEM, **P < 0.01, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001 (Student’s t test [A–D, I, and J]; paired 2-tailed t test.

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