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Enrichment of mutant calmodulin protein in a murine model of a human calmodulinopathy
Wen-Chin Tsai, Chiu-Fen Yang, Shu-Yu Lin, Suh-Yuen Liang, Wei-Chung Tsai, Shuai Guo, Xiaochun Li, Susan Ofner, Kai-Chien Yang, Tzu-Ching Meng, Peng-Sheng Chen, Michael Rubart
Wen-Chin Tsai, Chiu-Fen Yang, Shu-Yu Lin, Suh-Yuen Liang, Wei-Chung Tsai, Shuai Guo, Xiaochun Li, Susan Ofner, Kai-Chien Yang, Tzu-Ching Meng, Peng-Sheng Chen, Michael Rubart
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Research Article Cardiology Cell biology

Enrichment of mutant calmodulin protein in a murine model of a human calmodulinopathy

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Abstract

Heterozygosity for missense mutations in 1 of 3 seemingly redundant calmodulin-encoding (CALM-encoding) genes can cause life-threatening arrhythmias, suggesting that small fractions of mutant CALM protein suffice to cause a severe phenotype. However, the exact molar ratios of wild-type to mutant CALM protein in calmodulinopathy hearts remain unknown. The aim of the present study was to quantitate mutant versus wild-type CALM transcript and protein levels in hearts of knockin mice harboring the p.N98S mutation in the Calm1 gene. We found that the transcripts from the mutant Calm1 allele were the least abundantly expressed Calm transcripts in both hetero- and homozygous mutant hearts, while mutant hearts accumulated high levels of N98S-CALM protein in a Calm1N98S allele dosage-dependent manner, exceeding those of wild-type CALM protein. We further show that the severity of the electrophysiological phenotype incrementally increased with the graded increase in the mutant/wild-type CALM protein expression ratio seen in homozygous versus heterozygous mutant mice. We finally show a decrease in N98S-CALM protein degradation, suggesting that mutant CALM stabilization contributed to its enrichment in the heart. Our results support what we believe to be a novel mechanism by which a mutation in a single Calm gene can give rise to a severe phenotype.

Authors

Wen-Chin Tsai, Chiu-Fen Yang, Shu-Yu Lin, Suh-Yuen Liang, Wei-Chung Tsai, Shuai Guo, Xiaochun Li, Susan Ofner, Kai-Chien Yang, Tzu-Ching Meng, Peng-Sheng Chen, Michael Rubart

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Figure 4

Quantification of CALM protein degradation.

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Quantification of CALM protein degradation.
(A) Western blots of lysates...
(A) Western blots of lysates from nontransfected HEK293T cells and HEK293T cells transfected with a vector encoding HA-tagged wild-type (HA CALM-WT) or mutant CALM (HA CALM-N98S). Cells were harvested before and after 6-hour, 12-hour, 24-hour, or 36-hour cycloheximide (CHX; 200 mg/mL) treatment. Control cells (labeled -) were harvested 36 hours after addition of the solvent (ethanol) only. Lysates were probed with an antibody recognizing the C-terminus of CALM or the HA-tag fused to the N-terminus of CALM. Samples were normalized to GAPDH protein expression. (B) Changes in normalized intensities of the endogenous CALM protein and HA-CALM protein bands expressed as percentages of their corresponding time 0 values and plotted as a function of CHX exposure time. Shown are dot plots with lines representing medians and interquartile ranges (N = 7–14 biological replicates per genotype). Each biological replicate is the average of 2 technical replicates. Numbers next to brackets denote P values by a repeated measures model with independent variables of plasmid, hour, and interaction of plasmid and hour. (C) Western blots of lysates from HEK293T cells transfected with HA CALM-WT, HA CALM-N98S, or control (labeled Empty) vectors. Lysates from cells following 24-hour exposure to MG132 (10 mmol/L) or lactacystin (10 mmol/L) were probed with the same anti-CALM or anti-HA antibodies as in A. Signal intensities were normalized to GAPDH protein expression. (D) Normalized intensities of HA-CALM protein bands expressed as fold-changes of normalized intensities in DMSO-treated cells. Lysates were probed with the anti-HA or anti-CALM antibody. Shown are dot plots with lines representing the median and interquartile ranges (N = 5 biological replicates per genotype per treatment). A linear model was used to compare mean CALM protein levels among treatment groups within the same genotype and treatment effects between genotypes.

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ISSN 2379-3708

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