CD 28 signals the differential control of regulatory T cells and effector T cells

N Mikami, S Sakaguchi - European Journal of Immunology, 2014 - Wiley Online Library
N Mikami, S Sakaguchi
European Journal of Immunology, 2014Wiley Online Library
One possible means of driving antigen‐specific immune suppression is to expand or induce
antigen‐specific F ox P 3‐expressing T reg cells. One way of activating and expanding these
specialized cells, both in vitro and in vivo, is by strong costimulation via CD 28 with an
agonistic anti‐CD 28 monoclonal antibody, called anti‐CD 28 superagonist (CD 28 SA).
However, CD 28 SA also strongly activates conventional T (T conv) cells to secrete
proinflammatory cytokines and, under certain conditions, causes serious cytokine release …
One possible means of driving antigen‐specific immune suppression is to expand or induce antigen‐specific FoxP3‐expressing Treg cells. One way of activating and expanding these specialized cells, both in vitro and in vivo, is by strong costimulation via CD28 with an agonistic anti‐CD28 monoclonal antibody, called anti‐CD28 superagonist (CD28SA). However, CD28SA also strongly activates conventional T (Tconv) cells to secrete proinflammatory cytokines and, under certain conditions, causes serious cytokine release syndrome. In this issue of European Journal of Immunology, Tabares et al. [Eur. J. Immunol. 2014. 44: 1225–1236] address how CD28SA can be used for the differential control of human Treg and Tconv cells to suppress immune responses without serious adverse effects. They show that, depending on the dose of the antibody or by comedication of cortico‐steroid, the selective expansion of Treg cells can be achieved without significantly activating Tconv cells to produce inflammatory cytokines. This difference in CD28 signal sensitivity between the two populations can be exploited for better control of immune responses.
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