Hyperspectral Raman images of mineral components of trabecular and cortical bone at 3 m spatial resolution are presented. Contrast is generated from Raman spectra acquired over the 600–1400 cm− 1 Raman shift range. Factor analysis on the ensemble of Raman spectra is used to generate descriptors of mineral components. In trabecular bone independent phosphate (PO4− 3) and monohydrogen phosphate (HPO4− 2) factors are observed. Phosphate and monohydrogen phosphate gradients extend from trabecular packets into the interior of a rod. The gradients are sharply defined in newly regenerated bone. There, HPO4− 2 content maximizes near a trabecular packet and decreases to a minimum value over as little as a 20 m distance. Incomplete mineralization is clearly visible. In cortical bone, factor analysis yields only a single mineral factor containing both PO4− 3 and HPO4− 2 signatures and this implies uniform distribution of these ions in the region imaged. Uniform PO4− 3 and HPO4− 2 distribution is verified by spectral band integration.© 1999 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers.[S1083-3668 (99) 00301-9]