Aldosterone blockade in CKD: emphasis on pharmacology
MH Schwenk, JS Hirsch, AS Bomback - Advances in chronic kidney disease, 2015 - Elsevier
Besides its epithelial effect on sodium retention and potassium excretion in the distal tubule,
aldosterone promotes inflammation and fibrosis in the heart, kidneys, and blood vessels. As
glomerular filtration rate falls, aldosterone is inappropriately elevated relative to extracellular
fluid expansion. In addition, studies in CKD patients on angiotensin-converting enzyme
inhibitors, angiotensin receptor blockers, and/or direct renin inhibitors have shown that
aldosterone levels paradoxically rise in approximately 30% to 40% of patients on these …
aldosterone promotes inflammation and fibrosis in the heart, kidneys, and blood vessels. As
glomerular filtration rate falls, aldosterone is inappropriately elevated relative to extracellular
fluid expansion. In addition, studies in CKD patients on angiotensin-converting enzyme
inhibitors, angiotensin receptor blockers, and/or direct renin inhibitors have shown that
aldosterone levels paradoxically rise in approximately 30% to 40% of patients on these …
