Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs)
are chronic inflammatory diseases of mucosal tissues that affect the respiratory and
gastrointestinal tracts, respectively. They share many similarities in epidemiological and
clinical characteristics, as well as in inflammatory pathologies. Importantly, both conditions
are accompanied by systemic comorbidities that are largely overlooked in both basic and
clinical research. Therefore, consideration of these complications may maximize the efficacy …